Media Influence Over Body Image Essay - 1262 Words

The media has had an increasingly destructive effect on young people who are becoming worryingly obsessed with their body image. The media is saturated in sexual imagery in which young people have to face every day. The sheer volume of sexual imagery in the media today has resulted in the vast majority of young people to become hooked on looking as near to perfection everyday by using the latest products and buying the latest fashions. This used to be enough but lately the next step to achieving perfection is cosmetic surgery. Everyone wants to look attractive, especially teenagers who are not only put under massive strain to succeed but to look beautiful and climb the ranks of the social ladder, and it seems that the only way to achieve†¦show more content†¦Robin Gerber, author and motivational speaker believes that women â€Å"disappear in reverse-revamping and revealing their bodies to meet externally imposed visions of female beauty.† Women are always seen to be d etermined to achieve the unrealistic â€Å"Top Model† body while men are let off the hook with 50% of men happy with their bodies. In a recent survey conducted by BBC radio 1 Newsbeat it was said that 70% of men voted that a curvier body most attractive, which makes you think that if this is what men think, why are we women putting ourselves under such pressure and pain to make ourselves more appealing to the opposite sex as to achieve this look more than 50% of women are opting for cosmetic surgery. The most desired surgeries are breast enlargement, liposuction and Botox. It is a women’s prerogative to search for the best deal. This is leading them all over the world to find their preferred surgery for less. However, their desire for the best deal can often have severe consequences. One case of plastic surgery going wrong is the young girl from London who travelled to Philadelphia with friends to receive silicone injections in her buttock. As it wasn’t a medic al procedure the wrong silicon was used and injected straight into a vein which lead to a severe heart attack and death. Many people opt for this procedure because they want fuller figures like J. Lo. and Beyonce. Cosmetic surgery is widely accepted in society with manyShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper on the Effects of Mass Media on the Perfect Body Image1569 Words   |  7 Pagescan you determine what body image should be? The desire for the perfect body has been prevalent throughout society for a vast majority of time. What makes teenage girls feel the need to strive for this â€Å"perfect body†? Some have asked, â€Å"†¦a rapidly growing body of research addresses the question of whether body perfect ideals in the mass media are a core risk factor for negative body image, particularly in women† (Dittmar, Helga) My hypothesis is â€Å"Does the media influence adolescent girl’s weightRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1224 Words   |  5 Pages Social media is a variety of platforms provided to the public as a medium for expression and communication. Seemingly, social media could be viewed as a positive contribution to society, but one must consider the underlying effects of society. Many of us don’t take into account the role that social media plays in the way we perceive things, think, and live our lives. Social media plays a critical part in societal norms. â€Å"Social norms are rules of conduct that governs interactions among individualsRead MoreThe Medias Influence Of The Media And Mass Media1606 Words   |  7 Pagesdevices for amusement. TV and media have exhibited or reflected how society should function. It additionally has painted a picture of society; how it should look, feel, and act. Nowadays one may say that the media and body image correlate with one another. Mass media is intended to connect with large groups of people using different forms of innovation; such as the internet, magazines, commerci als, and TV shows. Its purpose is to give information to society. The media influence is everywhere and thereRead MoreMedia Effects Body Image1656 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 2014 The Effects of Mass Media on African American Women Body Images Over the past 10 years, mass media and the access to social networks has evolved substantially causing the effects of negative self-image and what is considered beautiful. Body image expectations for both African-American male and female share the battles of society’s expectations, yet African American women body images come with a stricter and more unhealthy stigma; growth of social media such as Facebook, Instagram andRead MoreMedia s Effect On Self Esteem1731 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology over the past 50 years, the media has become ever-increasingly present in our everyday lives. The latest fashion editorials and the most exclusive celebrity selfies are always just a click away. Something so pervasive, however, should be intently studied and handled with extreme caution due to the vast influence it can have over its audience’s mind. Too much exposure to certain stimuli has previously been shown to affect cognition and behavior in adolescents. So why should m edia be anyRead MoreThe Medias Influence on Adolescent Women1392 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day adolescent women are being influenced and affected by the media. The media includes anything from magazines, television shows, billboards, radio advertisements, commercials, newspapers and more. Through the media, women are being exposed to all forms of advertisements, including images that display misleading figures of women. These advertisements do not feature women with large hips, wide shoulders, lengthy arms or fuller figures. Instead, the women found on the front pages of magazinesRead MoreMedia Impact On Body Image1254 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact of media models on children’s and adolescents’ body image? Over recent times, the media has become a prominent part in the upbringing of young people. In particular the manner by which the media portrays body image has changed in numerous ways. Body image is defined as â€Å"a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body† by Grogan (as cited in Zaccagni, Masotti, Donati Gualdi-Russo, 2014). There is a stronger focus of what is considered to be the perfect body type andRead MoreTodays Unrealistic Body Expectations1311 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasures, most of the time, spending countless hours in the gym trying to achieve that perfect body. Body image is evident in the gym, as the men are lifting weights they are frequently looking in the mirror examining every angle of their body making sure no area is lacking muscle. On the other hand, women tend to partake in the same behavior as men, showing a sense of insecurity about their own bodies, frequently making trips to the scale to keep track of their weight m aking sure to stay slim andRead More Understanding the Causes of Negative Body Image Essay518 Words   |  3 Pages Understanding the Causes of Negative Body Image I chose to read the book titled â€Å"Understanding the Causes of Negative Body Image† by Barbara Moe because I plan on focusing my research paper on how the media has strong control over women’s development of self-esteem and body image. The message that the media is sending creates the context within which people learn to value size and shape of their body. Moe’s book focuses on how our culture is preoccupied with weight and appearanceRead MoreMapping the Issue: Eating Disorders Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages Ever since the development of the media such as television, the internet, various fashion magazines and commercial advertisements, society focused more and more on personal appearances. Not only were runway models becoming slimmer but the viewers that watched and read about them were becoming more concerned with their weight. In the past fifty years the number of adolescent girls developing eating disorders increased just as television, advertisements, and magazines were becoming a social norm that

Social Class Ladder As A Means Of Stratification Essay

Running head: FINAL ESSAY Page 1 Final Essay Megan Nivens Excelsior College FINAL ESSAY Page 2 Abstract In this essay I will answer the following questions to the best of my ability: 1. All societies use gender as a means of stratification. Discuss the consequences of this gender stratification, 2. Distinguish the difference between race and ethnicity, and give an example of each, 3. Summarize the U.S. social class ladder as proposed by Joseph Kahl and Dennis Gilbert, and 4. Discuss how marriage and family are viewed from the three sociological perspectives. FINAL ESSAY Page 3 1. According to the textbook, gender stratification is defined as males’ and females’ unequal access to property, power, and prestige. (Henslin 2014. Page 288) Gender is significant because it is considered a â€Å"master† status, it is part of all aspects of social life. (Henslin 2014. Page 288) No matter what else we are in life; we are still labeled male or female. These labels are images and thoughts of how we should act. Gender not only guides our behavior but it allows for making people unequal. (Henslin 2014. Page 288) For men, life is a form of competition, they are pitted against one another. They are expected to hide compassion, and avoid looking weak, afraid, or vulnerable. (Henslin 2014. Page 293) On the female side, the dominant male allows women to show more emotions than men. They can show greater compassion, fear,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact of Social Class and Stratification1728 Words   |  7 Pages101 30 November, 2010 The Impact of Social Class/Stratification Stratification and the division of people into social classes is a fundamental part of American society. Stratification is a concept that is universal; it is found in every country, every nation of the world. It is a system in which large groups of people, not individuals, are divided into different layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. Stratification applies not only to the different nationsRead MoreSociology, Social Closure Essay (Higher)1585 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse the extent to which social closure exists in UK society. Use two contrasting theories and relevant studies in your answer. INTRO Social stratification is the way in which society is stratified or made up of layers of social groups in a hierarchical way. Class stratification is a form of social stratification, which tends to split separate classes, whose members have contrasting access to resources and power. In Britain, society is structured in terms of inequality. Different classes tendRead MoreSocial Statification Summary995 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Social Stratification Summary Social stratification is the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige. It applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group. 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Sociologists have varying views on social stratification, therefore their approach to how it can impact society and individuals results in very different concepts. This piece of work will identify and discuss the key points which are significant to the sociological debate. Social Stratification is ‘a systemRead MoreIs The American Dream Real?863 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of social factors that halt individuals from accessing the rewards of the supposed â€Å"American Dream†. In assessing the ease to which individuals can attain intergenerational mobility, it is essential to explain the impact that social stratification, race and education has on intergenerational mobility. It is thought that the â€Å"American Dream† can be obtained solely by hard work and determination. 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The term ‘sociology’ was developed by Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, in 1838. Comte believed that scientific facts are able to explain the social world. Sociologists, such as Comte, study issues including: education, inequality and religion. Comte believed that sociologists play crucial roles in guiding society. In the 18th centuryRead MoreThe Stratification Of Social Stratification1363 Words   |  6 PagesResult of Stratification Social stratification is in nearly every aspect in our lives. Social stratification is society’s categorization of human beings into types of ranking. We are ranked into wealth, careers, social status, and power. We are subjected and pushed by these categorizations into how our lives are set up and therefore how we live them. While it is not always as fair, stratification serves to organize the world and its occupants. Society has determined one of the means in which we

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Bipolar Disorder

Question: Discuss about theObsessive Compulsive Disorder for Bipolar Disorder. Answer: Introduction: Mental health problems are associated with excessive stress to a specific situation or event. The most common types of mental disorder are dementia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder and depression. According to Thomsen (2013), the signs and symptoms may include mood fluctuation, personality change and social withdrawal. An anxiety disorder is one of the most significant type of mental health disorder linked with feelings of worry, fear and uneasiness. There are several individuals who do not realize the fact that they have defined and treatable disorder. Thus, such conditions remain under diagnosed. The anxiety disorders also include impairment in the everyday functioning. One of the most common types of anxiety disorder is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This condition is not due to medical and substance use. It is a disorder of the brain which leads to severe anxiety and adversely affects the behavior of the person suffering from this condition. In this report , the aetiology, incidence and predisposing factors that contributes to OCD and the elements of a mental health condition examination related to OCD will be highlighted. Moreover, medication and nursing practice action plan based on this condition will be discussed Goodman et al., 2014). Condition One of the most severe types of anxiety disorder which affects around 2% of the global population is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. As stated by Grant (2014), this disorder is characterized by two features. The first one is obsessions such as intrusive and disturbing thoughts, impulses or images. Secondly, compulsions that includes repetitive mental acts and behaviors which neutralize obsessions and reduce the psychological distress. Such conditions causes life impairment and are time consuming. Aetiology Evidences reveal the fact that there is no specific cause of OCD (Soomro, 2012). However, the possible causes of OCD has been thought to be a combination of genetic, neurological, cognitive, behavioral or environmental factors that trigger the onset of the disorder. There are several circuits in the brain that regulates the primordial aspects of human behavior like excretion, aggression and sexuality. These circuits are responsible for the transmission of information from orbitofrontal cortex of the brain to the thalamus and striatum area. When such circuits are activated, specific impulses causes an individual to perform a significant behavior. Imbalance in neurotransmitters such as serotonin can cause OCD. Moreover, OCD can be caused by environmental factors and genetic factors such as mutation in the brain cell (Veale Roberts, 2014). Incidence According to, the incidence of DSM-III-R Obsessive-compulsive disorder in terms of adults has been estimated at 0.55 per 1000 individuals. According to ABS 2007, 1.9% of the Australians suffer from OCD every year. Research reflects the fact there is no discrepancy between the genders and both male and female are equally affected. The significant signs and symptoms originate during the childhood and presentation can be identified in the late adolescence or early adulthood Veale Roberts, 2014). Predisposing Factors The factors that increase the incidence or risk of triggering OCD are as follows: Family history where an individual in the family is affected by this disorder might elevate the risk of OCD. Traumatic events or long-term stressful events can cause OCD. Environmental factors such as occupational, relationship or educational changes, and abuse might lead to OCD (Bokor Anderson, 2014). Elements of Mental State Examination: The mental state examination is a key part of the clinical assessment process in the mental health practice. It is a defined mode of observing and explaining an individuals present state of mind in regards to behavior, attitude, thought process, cognition, perception and judgment. Based on the MSE assessment OCD can be discussed related to several elements such as mood, thought process, behavior, psychomotor agitation and speech (Zohar et al., 2012). Serial Number Elements Problems 1 Behavior Extreme discomfort, persistent and recurrent impulses, unwanted thoughts and images and severe amount of distress. The signs of obsessions include unwanted repetitive ideas, fear of contamination, aggression, constant sexual thoughts, images of hurting a close one and thoughts of getting harmed. The compulsions involve are persistent counting and checking and repeatedly washing or cleaning 2 Mood Patients experience constant mood fluctuation. These involve depression, excessive worry and tension. Mood swings and low mood is a common sign of the OCD patient. Such patients have facilitated access to same negative emotional tone and upsetting memories of earlier experiences. These factors results in mood fluctuations. 3 Thought process The thoughts associated with such patients are unwanted, superstitious and repetitive. These thoughts are often repugnant and involuntary. Such unwanted thoughts sometimes might lead to the development of suicidal thoughts. In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, various situations trigger significantly the obsession and compulsion in the individuals behavior, mood and thought process resulting in mood fluctuations anxiety, depression, distress and unwanted thoughts. Therefore these three elements have been selected in order to describe OCD (Bell, 2015). Medications There are several medicines that are used in order to cure Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. As discussed by Williams et al., (2012), the main aim of the OCD treatment is to effectively manage the signs and symptoms at the lowest possible dosage. Few psychiatric medicines have been designed to treat the obsessions and compulsions associated with OCD. There are certain antidepressants that are regularly used for the treatment of OCD. Two common medicines used for the treatment of OCD are Clomipramine and Fluvoxamine. Clomipramine According to Pauls et al., (2014), Clomipramine is a non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor has proved the fact that deficit of serotonin can lead to the development OCD. Serotonin is thus considered as a key element in the pathophysiology of this disorder. This drug blocks the serotonin reuptake pathway by the help of the pre-synaptic neuron. In turn the serotonin availability elevates in the post-synaptic receptors. Although it is not evident the type of patient that would respond to this particular drug, studies show that about 40% to 60% patients have responded to Clomipramine. In the initial administration phase the doses are divided along with meals to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects. Gradually over the next few weeks the doses should be increased up to maximum of 250 mg every day. As a nurse it is important to monitor for sedation and vertigo, at the initial stage of the medication application so that any side effect of the drug can be detected and stopped if required. Secondly, physicians should be informed if fever and other issues are detected such as sore throat since these changes can reflect the hematological complications (Figee et al., 2013). Fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor which restores the balance of serotonin and ultimately aids in decrease obsessive and compulsive behavior. As discussed by Milad Rauch (2012), Fluvoxamine is a potentselective serotonin reuptake inhibitorwith around 100-fold affinity for theserotonin transporterover thenorepinephrine transporter. In adults 50 mg of Fluvoxamine should be administered as a single dose. The dose should be increased every 4 to 7 days per the tolerance level of the patient. The doses should be divided into two parts and the larger part should be given at the bedtime, in case the doses are not equally divided. Fluvoxamine can increase or decrease the level of certain enzyme. Therefore, as a nurse assessment of the AST, ALT and bilirubin level should be monitored. Secondly, while administering the medicine side effects such as nausea, vomiting, pulse rate and seizures should be monitored (Figee et al., 2013). Nursing Practice A recovery focused practice based on the nursing practice is embodied in the practice and attitudes and it is also essential in promoting the hope, sense and wellbeing for self determination of individual with any mental disorder. The application of the Cognitive Behavioral therapy can be an effective method of treating OCD patients. In this practice patients are counseled related to several sessions which mainly focuses on the reduction in the negative thoughts by the application therapeutic treatment (Hofmann et al., 2012). This therapy has achieved success in several studies. This therapy has been found to be the most effective for dealing with the OCD patients and for their recovery. The goal of this therapeutic approach is to make the to be his or her own therapist, while providing the hope of their recovery and ensuring that they will not have any risks or side effects associated with it. This is the reason, why it is the right therapy of choice (Andersson et al., 2012). The recovery of the patients situation is promoted by encouraging patients positive thought and breaking the negative thought process. In CBT process, two evidence-based processes are used. One is cognitive therapy, which focuses on how people think and the behavior therapy, which focuses upon how this affects upon the way the individual behave. The Exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP) is used as the part of behavioral approach for helping the exploration of alternative ways to respond to the obsessional thoughts or doubts. The therapy teaches the individual with OCD that their thoughts are not the key problems to them, rather the problem is what the person is making of those thoughts and in which way they are responding to those thoughts. It is the key way of the recovery process from OCD (Arch et al., 2012). Therefore, it can be said that, this therapy is a recovery-focused therapy, where the self-determination of the patient is being prioritized. The key nursing skills and competencies that are required for the implementing CBT, for ensuring recovery of an OCD patient includes excellent communication skills and critical thinking skills. Communication is very important for establishing a good therapeutic relationship with the patient, as therapeutic relationship is the core of this therapy. After establishing a goo therapeutic relationship, the patient would be encouraged to value the perspective of the caregiver (Rogers, 2012). Therefore, if the caregiver or nurse do not consist good communication skill, the success of the recovery process would be hampered. In most of the cases, this treatment is highly effective, but in some cases, the change in thought process can enhance anxiety in the patient, which can significantly hamper the progress of recovery process. In these cases, the treatment process might not reach a successful conclusion (Arch et al., 2012). Therefore, to achieve successful outcome of the process, caregivers have to ensure that the patient is not subjected to increased anxiety during the therapeutic process. These kinds of issues can be avoided by keeping a calm environment surrounding the patient. The above problem can also be solved by implementing a combined therapy for the OCD patient. Pharmacotherapy can be added with the cognitive behavioral therapy. It has been shown significant improvement of the recovery process in some OCD patients, who are suffering from anxiety related issues during the CBT process. Some psychotic medications for reducing the anxiety symptoms are administered to the patient, to keep the patient calm. It helps to stimulate the positive thoughts in the patient and reduce agitation during positive thought process. In these ways, the barrier of implementing CBT for an OCD patient can be overwhelmed (Rogers, 2012). Conclusion Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that involves compulsions and obsessions such as repetitive ideas, fear of contamination, aggression, constant sexual thoughts, images of hurting a close one and thoughts of getting harmed. The signs and symptoms may include mood fluctuation, personality change and social withdrawal. An anxiety disorder is one of the most significant types of mental health disorder linked with feelings of worry, fear and uneasiness. The factors that contribute to OCD biological, hereditary and environmental factors. There are certain antidepressants that are regularly used for the treatment of OCD. Two common medicines used for the treatment of OCD are Clomipramine and Fluvoxamine. Nursing interventions such as recovery focused practice based on the nursing practice can be implemented in order to cure OCD. Thus, it can be concluded that although the cause of OCD is not correctly identified, yet evidences have proved that certain medica tions and nursing interventions have got success in this field. References Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrn, P., Hedman, E., Ljtsson, B., Hursti, T., ... Rck, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessivecompulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial.Psychological medicine,42(10), 2193-2203. Arch, J. J., Eifert, G. H., Davies, C., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Rose, R. D., Craske, M. G. (2012). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,80(5), 750. Bell, J. (2015). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Bokor, G., Anderson, P. D. (2014). Obsessivecompulsive disorder.Journal of pharmacy practice, 0897190014521996. Figee, M., Luigjes, J., Smolders, R., Valencia-Alfonso, C. E., van Wingen, G., de Kwaasteniet, B., ... Levar, N. (2013). Deep brain stimulation restores frontostriatal network activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Nature neuroscience,16(4), 386-387. Goodman, W. K., Grice, D. E., Lapidus, K. A., Coffey, B. J. (2014). Obsessive-compulsive disorder.Psychiatric Clinics of North America,37(3), 257-267. Grant, J. E. (2014). Obsessivecompulsive disorder.New England Journal of Medicine,371(7), 646-653. Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses.Cognitive therapy and research,36(5), 427-440. Milad, M. R., Rauch, S. L. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways.Trends in cognitive sciences,16(1), 43-51. Pauls, D. L., Abramovitch, A., Rauch, S. L., Geller, D. A. (2014). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: an integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,15(6), 410-424. Rogers, C. (2012).On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Soomro, G. M. (2012). Obsessive compulsive disorder.BMJ clinical evidence,2012. Thomsen, P. H. (2013). Obsessivecompulsive disorders.European child adolescent psychiatry,22(1), 23-28. Veale, D., Roberts, A. (2014). Obsessive-compulsive disorder.BMJ,348, g2183. Williams, M., Powers, M. B., Foa, E. B. (2012). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.Handbook of evidence-based practice in clinical psychology. Zohar, J., Greenberg, B., Denys, D. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive disorder.Handbook of clinical neurology. Elsevier BV,106, 375-90.